Heating furnace as a special heating equipment in oil field, working temperature is higher, the pressure is larger. Pressure parts are in direct contact with the flame, but also by water vapor erosion, so operation error or improper management will lead to the occurrence of accidents.
Common accidents of heating furnace include explosion, fire and smoke pipe collapse (bulge), burning through the fire tube between the front smoke box and the furnace door, etc.
Excessive temperature burning.
If the firepower is too large, the medium flow is small or no flow, can not take away the heat generated by the fuel in time, resulting in coking furnace tube, if found and treated in time, will not cause too much loss; If not found and treated in time, the damage will affect its service life, and even cause the explosion of furnace tube. In view of this safety hazard, we should increase the intensity of inspection, we should always pay attention to the working process of the heating furnace, the furnace temperature should be properly controlled, as far as possible not too high temperature, when the temperature is too high, you can press fire, extinguish fire or open a small amount of empty valve slowly release pressure. If the flow is reduced too much or even no flow, we should first confirm the furnace condition and then deal with it. The processing process should first stop the furnace, close the inlet valve, open the exhaust valve, and then close the outlet valve, in the correct order to prevent the explosion of the furnace tube. If it is tube coke, as long as there is no bias burning, non-flame licking tube caused by coke, coke can be removed.
Furnace explosion is caused by the combustible gas stored in the furnace.
When the combustible gas contacts the flame, it mixes with the air, and deflagration occurs in the furnace. The explosion of the heating furnace is caused by the failure of the safety valve of the heating furnace and overpressure operation. When the pressure in the furnace exceeds the design pressure of 0.6MPa, the water jacket or fire cylinder will be torn under the pressure.
Treatment methods and prevention: In strict accordance with the operating rules of the furnace purge first, then remove the residual gas in the furnace, the purge time must be guaranteed 5~10min. Check the pressure gauge and safety valve of the heating furnace regularly to make it in good condition. Operators are not allowed to leave the post too far, each shift manually empty once.
Fire pipe and smoke pipe collapse.
Due to improper cooling or water shortage resulting in fire pipe, smoke pipe by the flame, smoke temperature is too high, more than the maximum temperature allowed by the material, the external pressure of the pipe under the water jacket medium, more than the material yield strength at high temperature, resulting in the deformation of the fire pipe, smoke pipe.
Treatment methods and prevention: try to keep the rated working pressure of the heating furnace at 0.4MPa, rated temperature at 151℃, and water level at 2/3.
Fire cylinder burning through accident.
Due to the cracks in the fire brick or the gap between the bricks, causing the fire through the fire cylinder, the front panel of the smoke box.
Treatment methods and prevention: when building the kiln, the use of the overall pouring of high aluminum brick, between the door cover ring and the fire brick, between the fire brick and the refractory lining, between the lining and the fire cylinder partial or all with high refractoriness, soft high purity aluminum silicate fiber felt sealing combination, to prevent the fire channel fire burning through the accident.